By Jamie Martin
According to Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, researchers are using advanced genomic tools to better understand New World screwworm populations and improve outbreak preparedness.
Supported by approximately $4 million from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's New World Screwworm Grand Challenge, the two-year project will examine screwworm samples collected from the ongoing outbreak in Honduras.
The new World screwworm is a parasitic fly whose larvae feed on the living tissue of warm-blooded animals. Infestations can cause serious wounds, production losses and even death when left untreated.
The parasite affects a wide range of species, including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, pets, wildlife, and humans. While screwworm was successfully eradicated from the United States decades ago, renewed activity in Central America and Mexico has raised concerns about its continued spread.
"It doesn't discriminate," said Dr. Guilherme Verocai, an associate professor in the VMBS Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (VTPB) and director of the Parasitology Diagnostic Laboratory. "It will infest pretty much any living, warm-blooded animal."
Researchers will work closely with partners in Honduras who have collected screwworm samples throughout the outbreak. Along with genetic samples, the team will review information on collection locations, dates, affected animal species and treatment histories.
The project's primary focus is on genetics. Scientists will sequence nearly the entire genome of thousands of screwworm specimens, providing an unprecedented look at how populations evolve and move across regions.
Previous studies typically concentrated on specific genes suspected of influencing certain traits. This project will instead evaluate almost the entire genetic profile of each screwworm, offering a much broader understanding of the parasite.
Advanced computer systems will help researchers compare thousands of genomes and identify differences and similarities that may reveal important biological patterns.
A key objective is determining whether screwworm populations carry markers linked to resistance against commonly used treatment products. Understanding resistance risks is important because resistant populations have already been reported in parts of South America.
Researchers hope to use their findings to develop a screening test that can quickly identify resistance markers. Such a tool could support monitoring programs in both endemic regions and areas at risk of future outbreaks.
The study will also strengthen disease surveillance efforts. By comparing genetic data from different locations, scientists may be able to trace the origins of new outbreaks and better understand how screwworm populations spread.
This capability could help animal health authorities respond more effectively if new infestations occur in livestock-producing regions. It could also improve planning and prevention efforts before outbreaks become widespread.
Another benefit may be the identification of stable genetic features that remain consistent among screwworm populations. These findings could guide future research into improved treatments and innovative control methods.
The resulting database is expected to become one of the most valuable scientific resources available for screwworm research. After completion, genomic data will be made available to researchers around the world.
By combining animal health expertise, genomics and international cooperation, the project aims to deliver practical tools that support livestock producers and veterinarians while advancing the fight against New World screwworm.
Photo Credit: Dr. Verocai-Texas A&M University
Categories: National