Horse genome map - unlocking breed secrets

By Blake Jackson

Researchers at the University of Kentucky are leading a groundbreaking three-year project to map the genetic blueprints of 13 horse breeds, including Arabians, Belgians, and Thoroughbreds.

Funded by a $765,000 USDA grant, this initiative aims to unlock the secrets of equine genetics, paving the way for advancements in horse health, performance, and disease prevention.

Traditionally, genetic studies relied on a single reference genome, missing breed-specific variations. This project takes a different approach - a pan-genome.

By comparing multiple genomes, researchers can see the full genetic picture, crucial for understanding breed variations in temperament, well-being, and disease susceptibility.

The team, which includes researchers from other universities, plans to sequence the DNA and RNA of 13 horse breeds, a zebra, and a donkey.

DNA holds the blueprint for traits, while RNA shows which genes are actively producing proteins.

Here's how they'll do it:

• DNA Sequencing: Identify the complete set of genes for each breed.
• RNA Analysis: See which genes are active in different tissues, revealing their functions.
• Annotation: Link RNA data back to DNA to understand gene function.
• Genome Comparison: Identify genetic variations influencing unique breed traits.

This research has the potential to revolutionize the equine industry. Breeders can use these insights to make informed breeding decisions, while veterinarians gain tools for early disease detection and prevention. Additionally, the findings will be openly accessible on a user-friendly platform.

“Traditionally, genetic research has relied on a single reference genome for a species, which can exclude breed-specific variations. In contrast, a pan-genome integrates multiple reference genomes, capturing the unique genetic features of different breeds,” said Theodore Kalbfleisch, professor of veterinary science at the UK Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center. “This comprehensive approach helps scientists see the full genetic diversity within a species, crucial for understanding traits like temperament, well-being and disease susceptibility.”

This comprehensive genetic map promises to be a game-changer, not just for horses, but for the future of animal science.

Photo Credit: gettyimages-patrick-jennings